лучше, чем шахматист-перворазрядник, если в ее память за-
ложено примерно 1000 группировок. По их оценкам, если за-
аожить в память около 50 тысяч, а возможно, и меньше груп-
Мнемонисты, шахматная игра и память
пировок, то м.ашина сможет воспроизводить позиции не хуже:
мастера. Кажется вполне правдоподобным, что у мастера за
долгие годы игры в шахматы может накопиться в памяти
такой запас группировок (Simon a. Barenfeld, 1969)..
В этом довольно подробном разборе двух ситуаций,, в ко-
торых главную роль играет память, мы еще раз затронули
ряд тем, обсуждавшихся в книге. При рассмотрении явлений,
лежащих в основе специфических способностей выдающихся
мнемонистов и шахматных мастеров, нам пришлось затронуть
все этапы функционирования памяти-от приема входных
сообщений до их окончательного анализа и хранения. Изло-
женные в двенадцати предшествующих главах сведения о
кодировании, хранении и извлечении информации оказались
полезными для анализа двух специфических способностей,
которым посвящена эта последняя глава. Представители ког-
нитивной психологии надеются, что эти сведения окажутся
также полезными для понимания более общих аспектов че<
ловеческой памяти и ее роли в умственной деятельности.
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